Specialized Equipment

Whether you're looking to take your training to the next level or you simply want a better way to measure energy expenditure, a power meter is your best bet. And the Power Cranks Ultegra Upgrade Kit are no exception. With our lightweight power sensors on a Shimano Ultegra crankarm, it's the perfect way to enter the power meter game. The development of Power Cranks began with our Human Performance Team looking at riders in realistic scenarios on the bike. Historically, power meters have been validated by two different methods—one is by measuring the produced torque by applying a static, linear load to a crankarm or chainring, while the second uses a power generating motor to pedal the bike. Well, cycling is neither static nor linear, and humans apply power much differently than a machine. So, we found that neither of these methods answer the "real-world" accuracy question. To get the best test for accuracy, in all types of riding scenarios, we built our own cycling treadmill, the WinMill, to measure power output to a known truth. This new benchmark lets us evaluate accuracy under all riding conditions—seated versus standing, various power and cadence levels, different weights, and a myriad of gear. This data acquisition process is our gold-standard for testing power meters, and through our testing and external validation from the Locomotion lab in Boulder, Colorado, Power Cranks have been proven to have the highest accuracy in real world scenarios (+/- 1.5%). The Power Cranks are also easy to live with, with class-leading temperature compensation firmware and waterproof enclosures. Calibration is only required during seasonal-type fluctuations in temperature, and the included wrench makes battery swaps a breeze. - 175mm

The S-works Power Saddle with Mirror technology is the perfect reflection of you. - Patented Body Geometry design is lab-tested to ensure blood flow to sensitive arteries. - Mirror technology utilizes 3D printing from liquid polymer to create a one-of-kind honeycomb structure that offers superior sit-bone support and comfort. - FACT carbon fiber shell is flex-tuned for support and ride compliance. - Ultra-light, strong, and oversized FACT carbon rails - SWAT-compatible mounts molded into the saddle base allow for sleek and integrated storage solutions. - Size 143mm / Weight 190g - Size 155mm / Weight: 194g - NOTE: Oversized 7x9mm carbon rails are not compatible with seatposts equipped with side-load clamp mechanisms for 7mm round rails.

The S-Works Torch is the latest evolution of the winningest footwear in cycling. Using Body Geometry together with biomimicry, data science, and obsessive craftsmanship, we engineered a shoe so thoughtfully constructed that you’ll forget you’re wearing it. Leveraging data science, we refined every detail of the S-Works Torch’s upper for improved fit and performance. The BOA cable is shifted down and angled, preventing lift on the ball of the foot and delivering power-enhancing structure while eliminating unwanted pressure or pinching. Adaptive materials allow natural movement of the foot where needed for comfort, while data-driven zonal reinforcement keeps the foot secured for crisp power delivery and optimal efficiency. Guided by more than 100,000 foot scans from our RETÜL fit data, we recognized that both a standard and a wide carbon base plate would best serve the spectrum of human foot shapes. An internal I-Beam adds stiffness and strength, eliminating the need for additional bracing. The result is a 20-gram weight reduction, enhanced efficiency, and immediate power transfer. Following RETÜL biomechanical data, we created an asymmetric heel cup that supports natural knee alignment and delivers the positive hold riders love while enhancing comfort by accommodating more room for the Achilles heel. The S-Works Torch is scientifically crafted to disappear on your feet and off the front. - New upper features reinforcement in key zones while also offering fit zones to create a disappearing fit on the foot. - Based on data gathered from Retül foot scans, the new base plate is 4mm wider at the ball than the previous generation of S-Works 7 shoe. - By optimizing its construction, the new carbon plate is 20g lighter than the S-Works 7. An internal "I-Beam" ensures it maintains the same stiffness as the previous generation. - An updated last makes use of Retül data to better match the shape of riders' feet, sloping more towards the lateral side to give a snug, close-to-foot fit. - Asymmetrical heel counter supports the medial side while removing material from the lateral side, allowing for a lower collar. - Updated BOA cable routing improves lockdown while reducing pressure across anterior ankle ligaments. - Independent alloy BOA S3-Snap Fit System for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the BOA Guarantee. - Titanium alloy cleat nuts can rotate to position pedal/cleats 5mm rearward. Three-bolt cleat pattern fits all major road pedals. - Non-slip, replaceable heel tread with internally recessed screws for security. *** IMPORTANT FOR WIDE FIT*** the new base plate is 4mm wider than the standard width (8mm wider than S-Works 7).

The S-Works Torch is the latest evolution of the winningest footwear in cycling. Using Body Geometry together with biomimicry, data science, and obsessive craftsmanship, we engineered a shoe so thoughtfully constructed that you'll forget you're wearing it. Leveraging data science, we refined every detail of the S-Works Torch's upper for improved fit and performance. The BOA cable is shifted down and angled, preventing lift on the ball of the foot and delivering power-enhancing structure while eliminating unwanted pressure or pinching. Adaptive materials allow natural movement of the foot where needed for comfort, while data-driven zonal reinforcement keeps the foot secured for crisp power delivery and optimal efficiency. Guided by more than 100,000 foot scans from our RETÜL fit data, we recognized that both a standard and a wide carbon base plate would best serve the spectrum of human foot shapes. An internal I-Beam adds stiffness and strength, eliminating the need for additional bracing. The result is a 20-gram weight reduction, enhanced efficiency, and immediate power transfer. Following RETÜL bio-mechanical data, we created an asymmetric heel cup that supports natural knee alignment and delivers the positive hold riders love while enhancing comfort by accommodating more room for the Achilles heel. The S-Works Torch is scientifically crafted to disappear on your feet and off the front. - New upper features reinforcement in key zones while also offering adaptive fit zones to create a disappearing fit on the foot. - Based on data gathered from Retul foot scans, the new base plate is 4mm wider at the ball than the previous generation of S-Works 7 shoe. - By optimizing its construction, the new carbon plate is 20g lighter than the S-Works 7. An internal "I-Beam" ensures it maintains the same stiffness as the previous generation. - An updated last makes use of Retul data to better match the shape of riders' feet, sloping more towards the lateral side to give a snug, close-to-foot fit. - Asymmetrical heel counter supports the medial side while removing material from the lateral side, allowing for a lower collar. - Updated BOA cable routing improves lockdown while reducing pressure across anterior ankle ligaments. - Independent alloy BOA S3-Snap Fit System for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the BOA Guarantee. - Titanium alloy cleat nuts can rotate to position pedal/cleats 5mm rearward. Three-bolt cleat pattern fits all major road pedals. - Non-slip, replaceable heel tread with internally recessed screws for security. - IMPORTANT FOR WIDE FIT—the new base plate is 4mm wider than the standard width (8mm wider than S-Works 7).

The S-Works Torch is the latest evolution of the winningest footwear in cycling. Using Body Geometry together with biomimicry, data science, and obsessive craftsmanship, we engineered a shoe so thoughtfully constructed that you'll forget you're wearing it. Leveraging data science, we refined every detail of the S-Works Torch's upper for improved fit and performance. The BOA cable is shifted down and angled, preventing lift on the ball of the foot and delivering power-enhancing structure while eliminating unwanted pressure or pinching. Adaptive materials allow natural movement of the foot where needed for comfort, while data-driven zonal reinforcement keeps the foot secured for crisp power delivery and optimal efficiency. Guided by more than 100,000 foot scans from our RETÜL fit data, we recognized that both a standard and a wide carbon base plate would best serve the spectrum of human foot shapes. An internal I-Beam adds stiffness and strength, eliminating the need for additional bracing. The result is a 20-gram weight reduction, enhanced efficiency, and immediate power transfer. Following RETÜL bio-mechanical data, we created an asymmetric heel cup that supports natural knee alignment and delivers the positive hold riders love while enhancing comfort by accommodating more room for the Achilles heel. The S-Works Torch is scientifically crafted to disappear on your feet and off the front. - New upper features reinforcement in key zones while also offering adaptive fit zones to create a disappearing fit on the foot. - Based on data gathered from Retul foot scans, the new base plate is 4mm wider at the ball than the previous generation of S-Works 7 shoe. - By optimizing its construction, the new carbon plate is 20g lighter than the S-Works 7. An internal "I-Beam" ensures it maintains the same stiffness as the previous generation. - An updated last makes use of Retul data to better match the shape of riders' feet, sloping more towards the lateral side to give a snug, close-to-foot fit. - Asymmetrical heel counter supports the medial side while removing material from the lateral side, allowing for a lower collar. - Updated BOA cable routing improves lockdown while reducing pressure across anterior ankle ligaments. - Independent alloy BOA S3-Snap Fit System for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the BOA Guarantee. - Titanium alloy cleat nuts can rotate to position pedal/cleats 5mm rearward. Three-bolt cleat pattern fits all major road pedals. - Non-slip, replaceable heel tread with internally recessed screws for security. - IMPORTANT FOR WIDE FIT—the new base plate is 4mm wider than the standard width (8mm wider than S-Works 7).

The S-Works Torch is the latest evolution of the winningest footwear in cycling. Using Body Geometry together with biomimicry, data science, and obsessive craftsmanship, we engineered a shoe so thoughtfully constructed that you'll forget you're wearing it. Leveraging data science, we refined every detail of the S-Works Torch's upper for improved fit and performance. The BOA cable is shifted down and angled, preventing lift on the ball of the foot and delivering power-enhancing structure while eliminating unwanted pressure or pinching. Adaptive materials allow natural movement of the foot where needed for comfort, while data-driven zonal reinforcement keeps the foot secured for crisp power delivery and optimal efficiency. Guided by more than 100,000 foot scans from our RETÜL fit data, we recognized that both a standard and a wide carbon base plate would best serve the spectrum of human foot shapes. An internal I-Beam adds stiffness and strength, eliminating the need for additional bracing. The result is a 20-gram weight reduction, enhanced efficiency, and immediate power transfer. Following RETÜL bio-mechanical data, we created an asymmetric heel cup that supports natural knee alignment and delivers the positive hold riders love while enhancing comfort by accommodating more room for the Achilles heel. The S-Works Torch is scientifically crafted to disappear on your feet and off the front. - New upper features reinforcement in key zones while also offering adaptive fit zones to create a disappearing fit on the foot. - Based on data gathered from Retul foot scans, the new base plate is 4mm wider at the ball than the previous generation of S-Works 7 shoe. - By optimizing its construction, the new carbon plate is 20g lighter than the S-Works 7. An internal "I-Beam" ensures it maintains the same stiffness as the previous generation. - An updated last makes use of Retul data to better match the shape of riders' feet, sloping more towards the lateral side to give a snug, close-to-foot fit. - Asymmetrical heel counter supports the medial side while removing material from the lateral side, allowing for a lower collar. - Updated BOA cable routing improves lockdown while reducing pressure across anterior ankle ligaments. - Independent alloy BOA S3-Snap Fit System for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the BOA Guarantee. - Titanium alloy cleat nuts can rotate to position pedal/cleats 5mm rearward. Three-bolt cleat pattern fits all major road pedals. - Non-slip, replaceable heel tread with internally recessed screws for security. - IMPORTANT FOR WIDE FIT—the new base plate is 4mm wider than the standard width (8mm wider than S-Works 7).

From recent road converts, to sultans of gravel speed, the new S-Works Recon delivers pavement-bred performance to the gravel discipline. Guided by more than 100,000 foot scans from our RETÜL fit data, we recognized that both a standard and a wide carbon base plate would best serve the spectrum of human foot shapes. An internal I-Beam adds stiffness and strength, eliminating the need for additional bracing. The result is an intentional fit, that's stiff, comfortable, and tunable—to put the power down. Inside and out, Body Geometry technology is baked into the S-Works Recon. Driven by nearly two decades of development and validated by data, we ensure there is no pain points, only performance, where your body meets the bike. Through our creation of the Varus Wedge, Longitudinal Arch, and Metatarsal Button, your feet stay in their most optimal position when pedaling—as well as in line with your knee and hips. - High-density pontoons and new shims allow riders to tune their pedal interface for maximum efficiency and a road-like pedal platform - Features Body Geometry technology by way of the Varus Wedge, a Longitudinal Arch, and Metatarsal Button - Asymmetrical heel counter supports the medial side while removing material from the lateral side, allowing for a lower collar. - Using an Internal I-Beam adds stiffness and strength—eliminating the need for additional bracing and allowing the shoe to stay extremely lightweight - Zoned reinforcement across quarter and forefoot maximizes support while the updated BOA® routing improves lockdown—eliminating the need for a toe strap - Additional 3mm, 6mm, and 9mm pontoon shims for leg length discrepancy and cleat stacker available through Specialized Rider Care. - For a wider fit — the new base plate is 4mm wider than the standard width (8mm wider than S-Works Recon Mountain Bike Shoes). - 280g for a size 156

Take to the open road with the lightest, most durable, best-handling alloy wheel Roval has ever made - the Alpinist SLX. This is the pinnacle of alloy - a wheel so good it earned the Alpinist name. There’s no room for excess weight whether you’re chasing summits or looking for ride quality. For the climbers, the wheels are stiff enough for high-powered efforts and feature confident handling. The newly engineered shot peen treatment increases fatigue life and with proven DT Swiss 350 hubs and Sapim spokes, the overall weight has been reduced by 30 grams. Because every gram counts. LIGHTWEIGHT X RIDE QUALITY: As the first-ever alloy product to earn the Alpinist name, the Roval Alpinist SLX wheels weigh in at 1,485 grams* thanks to premium alloy and a thoughtful build. Confirming what we’ve all felt: lightweight wheels feel better to ride. *1,485 grams production sample weight. Final weights may vary slightly. TUBELESS COMPATIBLE: There’s no room for excess weight whether you’re chasing summits or looking for ride quality. A Shallow rim depth amplified by tubeless compatibility means you’ll get sublime ride quality with the added efficiency, comfort, and flat protection of tubeless tires. RELIABLE PERFORMANCE: Featuring confident handling for high-powered efforts, the newly engineered shot peen treatment increases fatigue life, while the proven DT Swiss 350 hubs and Sapim spokes enhance overall durability and performance. - Rim: Alpinist Alloy, 6061 Alloy Shot-Pened, 700c, Disc Brake, Tubeless Compatible - Rim Details: 24mm Depth, 23.5mm External Width, 20mm Internal Width - Hub: DT Swiss 350 Straighpull Center Lock, Star Ratchet 36t internals (10 degs), 100x12mm & 142x12mm, Shim. RD. 11SP HG freehub (Convertible freehub) - Bearing Type: DT Swiss Sealed Steel Cartridge Bearings - Spokes: Sapim D-Light Straightpull, Front: Radial/Two-cross (2:1) 21 count, DS: 296mm, NDS: 292mm, Rear: Two-cross (1:1) 24 count, DS: 291mm NDS: 295mm - Nipple: Sapim Secure Lock Double Square Alloy Blk, 2.0 x 18mm, 16cNm - Max Pressure: 130psi - Weight: Wheelset 1,485g, Front 694g, Rear 791g (excluding 15g, tubeless rim tape, and tubeless valve) - Assembly Method: Hand-built - Extras: Roval Tubeless Rim Tape and Tubeless Valve, Spare Spoke & Nipple Kit, Lifetime Warranty, System Weight Limit: 275lbs / 125kg

Take to the open road with the lightest, most durable, best-handling alloy wheel Roval has ever made - the Alpinist SLX. This is the pinnacle of alloy - a wheel so good it earned the Alpinist name. There’s no room for excess weight whether you’re chasing summits or looking for ride quality. For the climbers, the wheels are stiff enough for high-powered efforts and feature confident handling. The newly engineered shot peen treatment increases fatigue life and with proven DT Swiss 350 hubs and Sapim spokes, the overall weight has been reduced by 30 grams. Because every gram counts. LIGHTWEIGHT X RIDE QUALITY: As the first-ever alloy product to earn the Alpinist name, the Roval Alpinist SLX wheels weigh in at 1,485 grams* thanks to premium alloy and a thoughtful build. Confirming what we’ve all felt: lightweight wheels feel better to ride. *1,485 grams production sample weight. Final weights may vary slightly. TUBELESS COMPATIBLE: There’s no room for excess weight whether you’re chasing summits or looking for ride quality. A Shallow rim depth amplified by tubeless compatibility means you’ll get sublime ride quality with the added efficiency, comfort, and flat protection of tubeless tires. RELIABLE PERFORMANCE: Featuring confident handling for high-powered efforts, the newly engineered shot peen treatment increases fatigue life, while the proven DT Swiss 350 hubs and Sapim spokes enhance overall durability and performance. - Rim: Alpinist Alloy, 6061 Alloy Shot-Pened, 700c, Disc Brake, Tubeless Compatible - Rim Details: 24mm Depth, 23.5mm External Width, 20mm Internal Width - Hub: DT Swiss 350 Straighpull Center Lock, Star Ratchet 36t internals (10 degs), 100x12mm & 142x12mm, Shim. RD. 11SP HG freehub (Convertible freehub) - Bearing Type: DT Swiss Sealed Steel Cartridge Bearings - Spokes: Sapim D-Light Straightpull, Front: Radial/Two-cross (2:1) 21 count, DS: 296mm, NDS: 292mm, Rear: Two-cross (1:1) 24 count, DS: 291mm NDS: 295mm - Nipple: Sapim Secure Lock Double Square Alloy Blk, 2.0 x 18mm, 16cNm - Max Pressure: 130psi - Weight: Wheelset 1,485g, Front 694g, Rear 791g (excluding 15g, tubeless rim tape, and tubeless valve) - Assembly Method: Hand-built - Extras: Roval Tubeless Rim Tape and Tubeless Valve, Spare Spoke & Nipple Kit, Lifetime Warranty, System Weight Limit: 275lbs / 125kg

For the racer who craves full integration for full-gas efforts, the Roval Control SL Cockpit answers the call. An engineering masterpiece designed to master the full throttle XC world. Built with high-modulus carbon fiber, and race-proven geometry, there is no greater combination of light weight, stiffness, and control on the World Cup today. Roval dialed the width, rise, extension, and sweep of the Control SL Cockpit working with the S-Racing Factory XC team to ensure every rider can find their perfect position to lay down power efficiently and dissect the most technical descents. Whether you’re racing for a World Championship or just ripping your local trails, with four stem lengths to choose from this is an integrated cockpit that makes it easy to find your fit. - Material: High-modulus carbon fiber - Width: 780mm (includes cut marks to customize for rider) - Rise: 0mm rise, with -12 degrees integrated stem - Backsweep: 8 degrees - Upsweep: 1 degree - Bolts: Titanium - Weight: 250g (in 70mm stem x 780mm width) - Compatible with Roval bolt-on computer mount, S219900058 - System Weight Limit: 275lbs / 125kg

Mirror goes Pro. Our best-reviewed saddle technology, based on two decades of Body Geometry research and development, is now available on the Power Pro saddle. Looking beyond foam, we developed Mirror technology. By 3D printing with a liquid polymer to create an infinitely tunable honeycomb structure, Mirror saddles perfectly reflect your anatomy to keep you comfortable, powerful, and healthy in your unique position. - Patented Body Geometry design is lab-tested to ensure blood flow to sensitive arteries. - Mirror technology utilizes 3D printing from liquid polymer to create a one-of-a-kind honeycomb structure that offers superior sit-bone support and comfort. - Reclaimed carbon fiber and nylon-injected base. 15% reclaimed carbon fiber. - Titanium rails. - SWAT-compatible mounts molded into the saddle base allow for sleek and integrated storage solutions.

The S-Works Phenom is a top-of-the-line, lightweight, all-terrain saddle that features a FACT carbon fiber shell that's specifically tuned for the stiffness required of racing. And with a rounded, anti-snag tail and the perfect amount of padding, you'll find it more than ready for all-day rides both on-and off-road. - FACT carbon fiber shell is flex-tuned for support and ride compliance. - Level 2 padding: Medium density foam for bike feel with additional cushioning. - NOTE: Oversized 7x9mm carbon rails are not compatible with seatposts equipped with side-load clamp mechanisms for 7mm round rails. - Patented Body Geometry design is lab-tested to ensure blood flow to sensitive arteries - SWAT-compatible mounts molded into the saddle base allow for sleek and integrated storage solutions. - Super-light, EVA padding for comfort and support on longer rides. Ultra-light, strong, and oversized FACT carbon rails.

The Specialized S-Works Power Arc saddle expands on the success of the original S-Works Power saddle, while featuring the same channel and length as the original. This means that it features a stiff, FACT carbon fiber shell and rails and lightweight EVA padding. The shape of the saddle is also designed to provide ample sit bone support, and this has been coupled with a shorter-than-usual nose section to keep pressure off of soft tissue while riding in aggressive positions. They even took this ideology a step further via an extra wide and elongated Body Geometry channel that's been proven through blood flow testing and pressure mapping to reduce numbness and pressure on unwanted areas. And while this all seems familiar if you're already a Power loyalist, this iteration features a curved Body Geometry shape that better contours to your body. What does this mean for your ride? It means that you'll feel as if you're “in the saddle," not on it. And ultimately, this equates to greater comfort and superior performance in all seated positions, whether you're a man or woman. - Patented Body Geometry design is lab tested for both men and women to assure blood flow to sensitive arteries. - Stiff FACT carbon fiber shell is tuned for support and ride compliance. - Super-light EVA padding for comfort and support on longer rides. - Ultra-light, strong, and oversized FACT carbon rails. - Level 2 padding: Medium density foam for bike feel with additional cushioning. - SWAT-compatible mounts molded into the saddle base allow for sleek and integrated storage solutions. - Size 143mm / Weight: 141g - Size 155mm / Weight: 145g

Specialized's ultra-light S-Works Power saddle is Body Geometry designed for both men and women to have top performance in a more aggressive position. Proven through blood-flow testing and pressure mapping, the extra-wide and elongated Body Geometry channel and proper sitbone support allows for all day comfort. - Patented Body Geometry design is lab tested for both men and women to assure blood flow to sensitive arteries - Stiff FACT carbon fiber shell tuned for support and ride compliance - Super-light PU padding for comfort and support on longer rides - Ultra-light and strong oversized FACT carbon rails - Tough, light and water-resistant cover - Level 1 padding: Lightest level of padding; most direct connection to the bike - SWAT compatible mounts co-molded into the saddle base allow for sleek and integrated storage solutions - Weight: 143g (143mm), 155g (155mm)

For as long as there've been saddles, women have been having issues with them. But where some see unsolvable problems, we see practical solutions. We spent countless hours performing research and prototyping in order to give you the comfort that you've been rightfully longing for. With our patented design, Mimic technology helps create a saddle that perfectly adapts to your body to give you the support you need. And when you combine this technology with our extremely lightweight S-Works Power saddle, with its stiff, FACT carbon shell and rails, you get a high-performance saddle that's designed to help you perform at your best. It still features all of the Body Geometry design characteristics you know and love, so you can be assured of superior, all-day comfort in any ride position. - Patented Body Geometry design is lab-tested to ensure blood flow to sensitive arteries. - Innovative Mimic technology uses multilayered materials to maintain equilibrium and minimize swelling in soft tissue. - FACT carbon fiber shell is flex-tuned for support and ride compliance. - Ultra-light, strong, and oversized FACT carbon rails. - Level II padding: Medium density foam for bike feel with additional cushioning. - SWAT-compatible mounts molded into the saddle base allow for sleek and integrated storage solutions. - Weight: 170g

When the moment comes for an attack in the hills, a long solo move, or a full gas sprint for the line, every watt counts, which is why we designed the S-Works Ares to be the most efficient and powerful performance shoe ever made. We combined decades of Body Geometry development with obsessive innovation working with the world's best athletes to completely reimagine the race shoe. An entirely new, patent-pending closure system, Dyneema-reinforced toungless sock, and ultra-stiff FACT Powerline carbon outsole eliminate foot roll, reduce pressure on tendons, and transfer every ounce of power to the pedals for unprecedented performance and comfort. It's 1% faster than any shoe we've ever made, and at the finish line, that's all that matters. - The key to more comfort, less injuries, and higher power output comes from our ergonomically designed, scientifically tested Body Geometry features-Longitudinal Arch, Varus Wedge, and personalized insoles with a Metatarsal Button. When used in harmony, these three features align the hip, foot, and knee, while also limiting medial/lateral knee movement and maintaining good circulation down to your toes. - Patent-pending closure design secures the foot for extreme, out-of-saddle efforts, locking the metatarsals and preventing lateral roll. - Dyneema is sandwiched between layers of synthetic and TPU to create no-stretch zones for the ultimate connection and comfort. - Our stiffest and lightest FACT Powerline carbon plate maximizes power transfer: Stiffness Index 15. - Independent BOA Li2 Fit System for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the Boa Guarantee. - PadLock heel construction cradles the heel and is proven to improve acceleration. - Non-slip, replaceable heel tread with internally recessed screws for security. - Form Fit last with a roomy toe box for the ultimate in connectivity and comfort. - Titanium alloy cleat nuts can rotate to position cleats 5mm rearward and fits all major 3-hole road pedals. - Approximate weight: 220g (1/2 pair, Size 42)

When the moment comes for an attack in the hills, a long solo move, or a full-gas sprint for the line, every watt counts, which is why we designed the S-Works Ares to be the most efficient and powerful performance shoe ever made. We combined decades of Body Geometry development with obsessive innovation working with the world's best athletes to completely reimagine the race shoe. An entirely new, patent-pending closure system, Dyneema-reinforced tongueless sock, and ultra-stiff FACT Powerline carbon outsole eliminate foot roll, reduce pressure on tendons, and transfer every ounce of power to the pedals for unprecedented performance and comfort. It's 1% faster than any shoe we've ever made, and at the finish line, that's all that matters. - The key to more comfort, fewer injuries, and higher power output comes from our ergonomically designed, scientifically tested Body Geometry features: Longitudinal Arch, Varus Wedge, and personalized insoles with a Metatarsal Button. When used in harmony, these three features align the hip, foot, and knee, while also limiting medial/lateral knee movement and maintaining good circulation down to your toes. - Patent-pending closure design secures the foot for extreme, out-of-saddle efforts, locking the metatarsals and preventing lateral roll. - Dyneema is sandwiched between layers of synthetic mesh and TPU to create no-stretch zones for the ultimate connection and comfort. - Our stiffest and lightest FACT Powerline carbon plate maximizes power transfer: Stiffness Index 15. - Independent BOA Li2 Fit System for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the Boa Guarantee. - PadLock heel construction cradles the heel and is proven to improve acceleration. - Non-slip, replaceable heel tread with internally recessed screws for security. - Form Fit last with a roomy toe box for the ultimate in connectivity and comfort. - Titanium alloy cleat nuts can rotate to position cleats 5mm rearward and fits all major 3-hole road pedals. - Approximate weight: 220g (1/2 pair, Size 42)

25g CO2 Canister's from Specialized.

The most aero road helmet in the peloton now breathes better. The S-Works Evade 3 was reinvented from the inside out to cool better, making it the fastest choice for more stages. Through extensive Computational Fluid Dynamics and Win Tunnel testing, we created a rear "diffuser" that helps minimize drag and improve ventilation. The diffuser helps optimize aero performance by allowing air to release easier and improves ventilation by drawing 10% more air through the helmet at a given speed. The Occipital Base Adjustment optimizes comfort by personalizing fit to individual head shape and helmet angle can be adjusted for compatibility with glasses. An adjustable Tri-Fix web system gives riders added comfort with updated, thinner 10mm webbing that minimizes strap noise. And the ANGi-ready, ultralight Mindset micro-dial fit system with height adjustability has been updated for improved grip and reaction for easy on-the-go fit. Our ultralight and supremely comfortable MIPS Node Air technology is integrated directly into the helmet padding, with a sleek low friction layer designed to dissipate rotational forces. With Specialized's proprietary development work, we added perforations to maximize breathability, performance, comfort, and weight savings. - Enlarged front vents help increase ventilation. - Rear Diffuser for aero and ventilation benefits. - MIPS Air Node is MIPS' most ventilation-focused solution. - Adjustable Tri-Fix web splitter boosts comfort through personalized fit. - Precision, full-wrap polycarbonate shell for increased durability and premium finish. - Dual-density optimized EPS foam.

The S-Works Prevail 3 helmet is perfect for riders who value the comfort and thermoregulation benefits that superior ventilation delivers. It is the ultimate all-around helmet that excels in hot conditions, strenuous climbs, and mountainous stages. With a never-ending quest to push the limits of ventilation, we eliminated air-blocking foam "bridges" from the center, effectively creating thru-air channels that increase the surface area of ventilation by 24.5% compared to the S-Works Prevail II Vent helmet. The all-new S-Works Prevail 3 has the most ventilation area of any helmet we have ever made. When a helmet is impacted, its job is to dissipate the energy of the impact. The conventional approach to helmet design is that more foam (EPS) means better energy management. We re-wrote the book on cycling helmet design by innovating beyond foam. Woven aramid "cables" traverse the helmet and are anchored to carbon fiber side panels. Upon impact, the AirCage technology* works as a suspension bridge and is designed to distribute localized forces throughout the helmet. The Occipital Base Adjustment optimizes comfort by personalizing fit to individual head shape and helmet angle can be adjusted for compatibility with glasses. An adjustable Tri-Fix web system gives riders added comfort with updated, thinner 10mm webbing that minimizes strap noise. And the ANGi-ready, ultralight Mindset micro-dial fit system with height adjustability has been updated for improved grip and reaction for easy on-the-go fit. Our ultralight and supremely comfortable MIPS Node Air technology is integrated directly into the helmet padding, with a sleek low friction layer designed to dissipate rotational forces. With Specialized's proprietary development work, we added perforations to maximize breathability, performance, comfort, and weight savings. - AirCage innovation increases airflow. - Precision, full-wrap polycarbonate shell for increased durability and premium finish. - MIPS Air Node technology is MIPS' most ventilation-focused solution. - Adjustable Tri-Fix web splitter boosts comfort through personalized fit. - Occipital Base Adjustment optimizes comfort and compatibility with glasses. - ANGi-ready Mindset fit system for improved grip and reaction for easy on-the-go fit.

Finding the perfect cross country race shoes can be tough going, but with the S-Works Recon shoes, we've made the choice simple. Exceptional power transfer? Check. Gram-counter approved? Check. Undeniable style? You got it. With the S-Works Recon you get XC-focused mountain bike shoes that truly have no compromises. We took a no-holds-barred approach to transferring every bit of your power to the pedals. The sole utilizes a rubber toe and heel for superior off-the-bike traction, while the pontoons are made of a harder TPU to provide excellent stability and power transfer to the pedal. A completely refined Padlock Heel, meanwhile, packs in more comfort with the same exceptional heel hold that you found in the previous iteration. And finally, the space-grade Dyneema material used in the upper doesn't stretch when pulled on, making sure that your foot stays where it's supposed to. With all of these features combined, you can be sure that we've kept in line with the motto "every watt is sacred." In the comfort arena, we kept all of the Body Geometry features you know and love, like the Longitudinal Arch, Varus Wedge, and Metatarsal Button. Each one of these features have been ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to not only boost power, but also to increase efficiency and reduce the risk of injury. We also took luxury into account by designing the S-Works Recon to have form that complements its function, so you'll find seams that are bonded together, rather than sewn, cleaning up the lines and contouring to your foot with slipper-like comfort. The custom CNC'd alloy Boa dials add some panache, but they also feature durable spring clutch internals and precise, one-millimeter micro-adjustments that let you perfectly dial-in your fit. The S-Works Recon embodies everything we know about footwear, compacted into one shoe with no compromises, no shortcuts—just explosive speed and superior comfort. - Body Geometry sole and footbed are ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to boost power, increase efficiency, and reduce the chance of injury by optimizing hip, knee, and foot alignment. - Our stiffest and lightest XC FACT carbon plate maximizes power transfer: Stiffness Index 13.0 - Dyneema Mesh is trapped between layers of four-way stretch mesh and TPU to create no-stretch zones for the ultimate connection and comfort. - Independent alloy BOA S3-Snap dials for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the BOA Lifetime Guarantee. - PadLock heel construction cradles the heel and is proven to improve acceleration. - Titanium alloy cleat nut. - SlipNot rubber heel and toe tread for confident traction on all terrain with removable toe studs. - Form Fit last with a roomy toe box for the ultimate in connectivity and comfort. - Two-bolt cleat pattern fits all major MTB pedals. - Approximate weight: 270g (1/2 pair, Size 42)

At a mere 150 grams, the S-Works EXOS are the lightest cycling shoes to ever come with a Boa® dial. And not only are they ridiculously light, but they still have all the features that are synonymous with the S-Works label. They’re still at that World Tour level, just ridiculously light. To get the weight down to the 150-gram mark without sacrificing power transfer, we implemented all the engineering bells and whistles we could think of. And when that wasn’t enough, we thought up some more. The carbon outsole was developed using an advanced form of Finite Element Analysis and pressure mapping to pull out material where it wasn’t needed. This allowed us to keep crazy-high stiffness numbers, too. For the uppers, we completely removed the heel counter. And with a little help from the space-grade Dyneema® mesh and some CubicTec reinforcement, the heel molds to the back of your foot, so nary a watt is wasted. Lastly, we developed a new Warp Sleeve vamp that let us get rid of the toe box, and this further cut down the weight and increased the comfort. Of course we couldn't do any of the above without including our coveted Body Geometry features, like the Longitudinal Arch, Varus Wedge, and Metatarsal Button. Each one of these features have been ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to not only boost power, but to also increase efficiency and to reduce the risk of injury. The S-Works EXOS are the lightest cycling shoes to ever have a Boa® dial—experience the feeling of lightness. - Body Geometry sole and footbed are ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to boost power, increase efficiency, and reduce the chance of injury by optimizing hip, knee, and foot alignment. - Our lightest FACT Powerline™ carbon plate maximizes power transfer: Stiffness Index 13.0 - A revolutionary Dyneema® Mesh allows us to achieve weight without sacrificing hold for the ultimate connection and comfort. - BOA IP1 Fit System for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the Boa Guarantee. - Titanium alloy cleat nuts can rotate to position pedal/cleats 5mm rearward. - Non-slip, replaceable heel tread with internally recessed screws for security. - Form Fit last with a Warp Sleeve vamp for the ultimate in connectivity, comfort, and speed. - Three-bolt cleat pattern fits all major road pedals. - Approximate weight: 140g (1/2 pair, Size 42)

Helmets have long been plagued by an unspoken rule: Light weight, ventilation, aerodynamics—pick two, there's your helmet. As you can tell by now, though, we don't play by these rules—or really any for that matter. We'd rather turn standards on their head and create products that nobody ever dreamed of. And you needn't look any further than the new S-Works Evade helmet for proof of this. Straight up, it's the fastest road helmet out there. Our new ANGi Crash Sensor gives you and your loved ones peace of mind like never before—when combined with our iOS or Android app, the sensor will detect a crash and send a text message to specified contacts in your phone. It also syncs with our app and STRAVA® to provide GPS-based activity tracking. We've teamed up with MIPS researchers to introduce MIPS SL—a new, ultra-light, and supremely comfortable version of MIPS that's available exclusively on Specialized helmets. With MIPS SL, we've essentially integrated MIPS technology within the helmet padding itself. MIPS SL's minimalist "watchband" attachment system provides 10 to 15 millimeters of rotation in every direction and offers the same brain protection benefits as other versions of MIPS, while also ushering in a new level of comfort and weight savings. Beginning with the aerodynamic development, we basically lived in our Win Tunnel to create this Evade. Having our own wind tunnel allows us to develop our products with aero at the forefront of the design, rather than merely testing them there. With this, we carefully analyzed every aspect of helmet performance in the Win Tunnel, and with real world testing, to ensure that we left no stone unturned in the quest for performance. This makes for a helmet that has countless testing hours and years of development, and ultimately, this adds up to the fastest road helmet we’ve ever tested. We not only took grams out of the drag, but we did it without sacrificing safety. In fact, we switched the construction to favor our Energy Optimized Multi-Density EPS that optimizes the foam type in different places. As far as ventilation is concerned, free-flowing air through the helmet not only makes the helmet cooler than ever, but it also decreases aerodynamic drag. Going hand-in-hand with this, ventilation and aerodynamics were both optimized in the Win Tunnel together, making for the best combination of aerodynamics and ventilation out there. Now, the exterior vents and interior channels have been carefully considered to make sure that the helmet draws in the maximum amount of air through the helmet for extreme cooling. And the result? The new Evade is just as cool as a bare head with no helmet, making it the coolest aero helmet on the market today. Through this work, the Evade saves 50 seconds over 40km versus a traditional road helmet and roughly six seconds over the prior iteration of Evade. This means that it's not only as cool as a bare head, but also as fast. For road race helmets, there’s nothing that can match this performance. Last, but most certainly not least, a fast helmet is useless unless it fits correctly. With this in mind, the new S-Works Evade has all the features you'd expect from a top-level helmet, like our Mindset HairPort 2 fit system with micro-adjustments, our soft webbing that won't stretch out, and a new Gutter Action brow pad that manages sweat to keep it out of your eyes. And to top it off, we've added a new magnetic buckle to the mix that makes buckling with one hand a breeze. - Integrated ANGi crash sensor. - Includes a lifetime subscription to the Specialized Ride app. - New MIPS SL is the lightest, most ventilated MIPS protection to date and is exclusively available on Specialized helmets. - Through extensive Win Tunnel development, the Evade is the fastest road helmet we've tested. - 4th Dimension Cooling System with deep internal channels, large vents, and aligned exhaust ports make it the best combination of aerodynamics and ventilation. - Patented Energy Optimized Multi-Density EPS construction helps to manage impact energy. - Patented Aramid-Reinforced Skeleton provides internal EPS support to help manage impact energy. - Ultra-light Mindset HairPort II micro-dial fit system with height adjustability for the perfect fit. - Gutter Action brow pad design for increased comfort and sweat management. - Thin, soft, and lightweight 4X DryLite webbing won’t stretch out with sweat or water. - Tri-Fix web splitter for improved comfort and ease of strap adjustments. - Instrap webbing system for ultra-light construction and security. - Magnetic buckle is simple and secure.

What makes the perfect cycling shoe? Is it exceptional power transfer? Superior Comfort? Undeniable style? The simple answer is "yes" to all of the above. With the S-Works 7 Road, you get shoes with no compromises. We took a no-holds-barred approach to transferring every bit of your power to the pedals. The lighter and stiffer Powerline carbon sole is new and brought to you by the same team that developed Rider-First Engineering. Why's this special? Because it led to our lightest and stiffest carbon outsole to date. A completely refined Padlock Heel, meanwhile, packs in more comfort with the same exceptional heel hold that you found in the previous iteration. And finally, the space-grade Dyneema material used in the upper doesn’t stretch when pulled on, making sure that your foot stays where it’s supposed to. With these all features combined, you can be sure that we’ve kept in line with the motto “every watt is sacred.” In the comfort arena, we kept all of the Body Geometry features you know and love, like the Longitudinal Arch, Varus Wedge, and Metatarsal Button. Each one of these features have been ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to not only boost power, but also to increase efficiency and reduce the risk of injury. We also took luxury into account by designing the S-Works 7 to have form that complements its function, so you'll find seams that are bonded together, rather than sewn, cleaning up the lines and contouring to your foot with slipper-like comfort. The custom CNC’d alloy Boa dials also add some panache, but they also feature durable spring clutch internals and precise, one-millimeter micro-adjustments that let you perfectly dial in your fit. The S-Works 7 embodies everything we know about footwear, compacted into one shoe with no compromises and no shortcuts—just explosive speed and superior comfort. - Body Geometry sole and footbed are ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to boost power, increase efficiency, and reduce the chance of injury by optimizing hip, knee, and foot alignment. - Our stiffest and lightest FACT Powerline carbon plate maximizes power transfer: Stiffness Index 15.0 - Dyneema Mesh is trapped between layers of four-way stretch mesh and TPU to create no-stretch zones for the ultimate connection and comfort. - Independent alloy BOA S3-Snap dials for on-the-fly micro-adjustment, backed by the BOA Lifetime Guarantee. - PadLock heel construction cradles the heel and is proven to improve acceleration - Titanium alloy cleat nuts can rotate to position pedal/cleats 5mm rearward. - Non-slip, replaceable heel tread with internally recessed screws for security. - Form Fit last with a roomy toe box for the ultimate in connectivity and comfort. - Three-bolt cleat pattern fits all major road pedals. - Approximate weight: 224g (1/2 pair, Size 42)

When we set out to improve the original S-Works Prevail, we knew that we had our work cut out for us. How could we improve on the industry benchmark for fit, ventilation, and comfort? By listening to our riders—that's how. Through this, we realized that there were a few aspects of the original Prevail II that needed to be changed, with the biggest request being for a lower-sitting design. Our new ANGi Crash Sensor gives you and your loved ones peace of mind like never before. When combined with our iOS or Android app, the sensor will detect a crash and send a text message to specified contacts in your phone. It also syncs with our app and STRAVA to provide GPS-based activity tracking. We've teamed up with MIPS researchers to introduce MIPS SL—a new, ultra-light, and supremely comfortable version of MIPS that's available exclusively on Specialized helmets. With MIPS SL, we've essentially integrated MIPS technology within the helmet padding itself. MIPS SL's minimalist "watchband" attachment system provides 10 to 15 millimeters of rotation in every direction and offers the same brain protection benefits as other versions of MIPS, while also ushering in a new level of comfort and weight savings. We thought to ourselves, "thinking big shouldn't result in bigger helmets," so with the Prevail, we set out to prove that big ideas can come in smaller packages. It all starts with our patented EPS construction that relies on multi-density foam that's paired with a robotically woven, Aramid-reinforced skeleton. This comes with a reduction in the overall size, creating a smaller profile that fits lower down on the head for a better fit and safety. It also has deep internal channels that are aligned from front-to-rear, so the air intake and exhaust are optimized for unparalleled cooling over the entire head. In the Win Tunnel, we found these new designs amounted to six seconds saved over 40km when compared to a "standard" road helmet. Another standout feature of the S-Works Prevail II is the Gutter Action System that manages the flow of sweat, keeping it away from your eyes and dripping it off of the pads over your temple. In the end, the S-Works Prevail II is the most complete lightweight race helmet we've ever made-perfect for hot, mountainous rides and flat, windy sections alike. - Integrated ANGi crash sensor. - Includes a lifetime subscription to the Specialized Ride app. - New MIPS SL is the lightest, most ventilated MIPS protection to date and is exclusively available on Specialized helmets. - Patented Energy Optimized Multi-Density EPS construction helps to manage impact energy. - Patented aramid-reinforced skeleton provides internal EPS support. - Ultra-light Mindset HairPort II micro-dial fit system with height adjustability for the perfect fit. - Mega Mouthport optimizes cooling and sweat evaporation. - Aerodynamic design. - 4th Dimension Cooling System with deep internal channels, large vents, and aligned exhaust ports. - Thin, soft, and lightweight 4X DryLite webbing won't stretch out with sweat or water. - Tri-Fix web splitter for improved comfort and ease of strap adjustments. - Instrap webbing system for ultra-light construction and security. - Gutter Action brow pad design for increased comfort and sweat management.

When we set out to improve the original S-Works Prevail, we knew that we had our work cut out for us. How could we improve on the industry benchmark for fit, ventilation, and comfort? By listening to our riders—that’s how. Through this, we realized that there were a few aspects of the original Prevail II that needed to be changed, with the biggest request being for a lower-sitting design. We thought to ourselves, "thinking big shouldn't result in bigger helmets," so with the Prevail, we set out to prove that big ideas can come in smaller packages. It all starts with our patented EPS construction that relies on multi-density foam that's paired with a robotically woven, Aramid-reinforced skeleton. This comes with a reduction in the overall size, creating a smaller profile that fits lower down on the head for a better fit and safety. It also has deep internal channels that are aligned from front-to-rear, so the air intake and exhaust are optimized for unparalleled cooling over the entire head. And in the Win Tunnel, we found these new designs amounted to six seconds saved over 40km when compared to a "standard" road helmet. Another standout feature of the S-Works Prevail II is the Gutter Action System that manages the flow of sweat, keeping it away from your eyes and dripping it off of the pads over your temple. Our new ANGi Crash Sensor gives you and your loved ones peace of mind like never before—when combined with our iOS or Android app, the sensor will detect a crash and send a text message to specified contacts in your phone. It also syncs with our app and STRAVA to provide GPS-based activity tracking. In the end, the S-Works Prevail II is the most complete lightweight race helmet we've ever made—perfect for hot, mountainous rides and flat, windy sections alike. - Patented Energy Optimized Multi-Density EPS construction helps to manage impact energy - The patented aramid-reinforced skeleton provides internal EPS support - Ultra-light Mindset HairPort II micro-dial fit system with height adjustability for the perfect fit - Mega Mouthport optimizes cooling and sweat evaporation - Aerodynamic design - 4th Dimension Cooling System with deep internal channels, large vents, and aligned exhaust ports - Thin, soft, and lightweight 4X DryLite webbing won't stretch out with sweat or water - Tri-Fix web splitter for improved comfort and ease of strap adjustments - Instrap webbing system for ultra-light construction and security - Gutter Action brow pad design for increased comfort and sweat management - Reflective decals for increased visibility to motorists in low-light conditions - Patented clip-on visor included - MIPS-equipped - Integrated ANGi crash sensor

The update to our original Reflect Deflect jacket is a more versatile piece for adverse weather riding. 2-layer fabrics breath better than 3-layer fabrics, but they can feel clammy against your skin. By fusing brushed tricot dots onto the waterproof, breathable membrane, we raise the membrane off your skin, making it more comfortable and creating microchannels to allow air flow, aiding in breathability. We call the fabric innovation 2.75 layer and we give it our H2O treatment of taped seams and YKK Water Guard ZIppers. The geometric reflective pattern is composed of millions of microscopic glass beads that reflect light back to the source, making you visible from 360°. Dark and stormy nights don't have to be the start of horror movies anymore. - Deflect 2.75-layer is a woven fabric that's wind-resistant, water-resistant, and highly breathable in order to maintain an effective barrier between you and elements, while micro-fleece dots raise the fabric off the body to create channels for airflow. - Fully taped seams prevent water intrusion at the stitches and seams. - 360° high-visibility reflective print composed of millions of glass beads to keep you visible on the road. - One rear zippered pocket houses your small ride essentials and electronics. - Suede zipper shield protects your chin from abrasion. - Watertight YKK AquaGuard zippers prevent unwanted water seepage. - Zippered wrist seals let you cinch the cuffs down to your gloves, sealing out wind and water. - Front zippered hand pockets provide storage for small items and a place to warm your hands off-the-bike. - Deflect UV 50+ protects your skin from harmful ultraviolet rays. - Women's-specific Form Fit closely and precisely conforms to the curves of the body, ensuring an unrivaled level of fit. and comfort. - Fabric weight: 106g

On gravel, style is a state of mind. The new S-Works Recon Lace will put a smile on your face and style in your pace every time you head out the door. A timeless look combined with tried and true Body Geometry features and the performance and durability that have become hallmarks of S-Works Recon shoes. Plus, you’ll leave everyone in the group asking, "What shoes are those?" - Built with Purpose. Backed by Science. Our Body Geometry trio of the Longitudinal Arch, Metatarsal Button, and Varus Wedge work together to increase efficiency; optimize hip, knee, and foot alignment; and reduce injury risks. - Our stiffest and lightest XC FACT carbon plate maximizes power transfer: Stiffness Index 13.0. - PadLock heel construction cradles the heel and is proven to improve acceleration. - Titanium alloy cleat nut. - SlipNot rubber heel and toe tread for confident traction on all terrain with removable toe studs. - Form Fit last with a roomy toe box for the ultimate in connectivity and comfort. - Two-bolt cleat pattern fits all major MTB pedals.

We get it, rain rides are often not enjoyable. But with the SL Rain Jacket, we're hoping to change that. With the latest technology in waterproofing, Polartec NeoShell, this jacket is extremely breathable and stretchy, all while being completely waterproof—making that wet ride just a little more pleasant. Top it off with our HyprViz color treatment that increases your visibility to motorists, and you're left with a great option for nasty days. - Three back pockets help to secure all your ride needs, right where you want them. - Fully taped seams prevent water intrusion, keeping you dry and protected for years to come. - Watertight YKK AquaGuard zippers prevent unwanted water seepage. - Fabric Content: 61% Nylon, 31% Polyester, 8% PU

On a mission to make wet rides a little more enjoyable, we've developed the new Men's Trail-Series Rain Jacket. With the latest technology in waterproofing, Polartec Neoshell, this jacket is extremely breathable and stretchy, all while being completely waterproof. And with a relaxed fit, it's right at home on both the trail and around town. - An over-the-helmet hood with a rain visor and adjustable drawcord keeps your head protected from the elements. - Fabric Content: 90% Polyester, 10% Spandex - Fully taped seams prevent water intrusion, keeping you dry and protected for years to come. - Neoshell provides true dynamic breathability allowing air to pass through without heat pressure build-up, allowing it to breathe as soon as you need it. Matched with a full stretch membrane allowing for a full range of motion without compromise. - Relaxed Fit is loose and comfortable, and also provides plenty of room for layering underneath. - Watertight YKK AquaGuard zippers prevent unwanted water seepage. - Woven Polartec Neoshell fabric is the industry standard in breathable waterproof fabric solutions.